8个Linux Nslookup命令用于故障排除DNS（域名服务器）

nslookup是一個用於測試和排除故障DNS伺服器（Domain Name Server）的命令行管理工具。它也可用於查詢特定的DNS資源記錄（RR）。大多數操作系統都內建了nslookup功能。

本文詳細演示了廣泛使用的nslookup命令。nslookup可運行兩種模式：交互式和非交互式。

交互式模式用於查詢DNS伺服器有關各種域和主機的信息。非交互式模式用於查詢有關域或主機的信息。

您可能也對以下文章感興趣：

1. 查詢域名的「A」記錄（IP地址）

# nslookup yahoo.com

Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 72.30.38.140
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 98.139.183.24
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 209.191.122.70

以上命令使用4.2.2.2公共DNS伺服器查詢域名www.yahoo.com，以下部分顯示非權威回答：顯示www.yahoo.com的A記錄

2. 查詢反向域名查找

# nslookup 209.191.122.70

Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

Non-authoritative answer:
70.122.191.209.in-addr.arpa     name = ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com.

Authoritative answers can be found from:

3. 查詢特定域名查找

# nslookup ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com.

Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com
Address: 209.191.122.70

4. 查詢MX（郵件交換）記錄

# nslookup -query=mx www.yahoo.com

Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.yahoo.com   canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com.

Authoritative answers can be found from:
wa1.b.yahoo.com
        origin = yf1.yahoo.com
        mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
        serial = 1344827307
        refresh = 30
        retry = 30
        expire = 86400
        minimum = 1800

MX記錄用於將域名映射到該域的一組郵件交換伺服器的列表。這樣可以告訴我們，所有發送/接收到@yahoo.com的郵件將被路由到郵件伺服器。

5. 查詢NS（名稱伺服器）記錄

# nslookup -query=ns www.yahoo.com

Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.yahoo.com   canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com.

Authoritative answers can be found from:
wa1.b.yahoo.com
        origin = yf1.yahoo.com
        mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
        serial = 1344827782
        refresh = 30
        retry = 30
        expire = 86400
        minimum = 1800

6. 查詢SOA（權威起始）記錄

# nslookup -type=soa www.yahoo.com

Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.yahoo.com   canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com.

Authoritative answers can be found from:
wa1.b.yahoo.com
        origin = yf1.yahoo.com
        mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
        serial = 1344827965
        refresh = 30
        retry = 30
        expire = 86400
        minimum = 1800

7. 查詢所有可用的DNS記錄

# nslookup -query=any yahoo.com

Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

Non-authoritative answer:
yahoo.com
        origin = ns1.yahoo.com
        mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
        serial = 2012081016
        refresh = 3600
        retry = 300
        expire = 1814400
        minimum = 600
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 98.139.183.24
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 209.191.122.70
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 72.30.38.140
yahoo.com       mail exchanger = 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com       mail exchanger = 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com       mail exchanger = 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com       nameserver = ns3.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com       nameserver = ns4.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com       nameserver = ns2.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com       nameserver = ns8.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com       nameserver = ns1.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com       nameserver = ns6.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com       nameserver = ns5.yahoo.com.

Authoritative answers can be found from:

8. 啟用除錯模式

啟用除錯模式時，`set debug`會返回詳細信息，如TTL，以下是輸出。

# nslookup -debug yahoo.com

> set debug
> yahoo.com
Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

------------
    QUESTIONS:
        yahoo.com, type = A, class = IN
    ANSWERS:
    ->  yahoo.com
        internet address = 72.30.38.140
        ttl = 1523
    ->  yahoo.com
        internet address = 98.139.183.24
        ttl = 1523
    ->  yahoo.com
        internet address = 209.191.122.70
        ttl = 1523
    AUTHORITY RECORDS:
    ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
------------
Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 72.30.38.140
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 98.139.183.24
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 209.191.122.70

在本文中，我們嘗試涵蓋可能幫助您搜索（DNS）域名服務相關信息的nslookup命令。

下一篇文章將介紹Linux中的dig命令，該命令類似於nslookup。如果你喜歡這篇文章，請與你的朋友分享，並不要忘記通過評論框提供寶貴的反饋。